Hot Rod

Etimologia

Existem várias teorias sobre a origem do termo "hot rod". O tema comum é que "quente" relacionado a "esquentar" um carro, o que significa modificá -lo para maior desempenho. Uma teoria é que "Rod" significa Roadster, um carro leve de duas portas que era frequentemente usado como base para os primeiros hot rods. Outra teoria é que "haste" refere -se à árvore de cames, uma parte do motor que frequentemente era atualizada para aumentar a produção de energia.

Nos primeiros dias, um carro modificado para o aumento do desempenho era chamado de "trabalho Gow". Esse termo se transformou no hot rod no início da década de 1950.

O termo "Hot Rod" teve vários usos em relação aos carros de desempenho. Por exemplo, o Ministério do Meio Ambiente de Ontário em seus regulamentos de emissões de veículos refere -se a um hot rod como qualquer veículo motorizado que tenha um motor de substituição diferente do original da fábrica.

História

1920 a 1945

Os antecessores do Hotrod foram os carros modificados usados ​​na era da proibição dos contratantes para evitar agentes de receita e outras aplicações da lei.

Hot Rods apareceu pela primeira vez no final da década de 1930, no sul da Califórnia, onde as pessoas corriam carros modificados nos leitos de lago seco a nordeste de Los Angeles, sob as regras da Associação de Tempo do Sul da Califórnia (SCTA), entre outros grupos. Isso ganhou popularidade após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, particularmente na Califórnia, porque muitos soldados que retornaram receberam treinamento técnico. Os primeiros hot rods eram carros antigos (na maioria das vezes Fords, tipicamente o modelo de 1910-1920s, o modelo 1928–31 AS, ou o modelo BS do modelo BS de 1932-34), modificado para reduzir o peso. Os swaps do motor geralmente envolviam encaixar o motor Ford Flathead V8 (conhecido como "Flatty") em um carro diferente, por exemplo, a prática comum [citação necessária] na década de 1940 da instalação da versão "60 cavalos" em um chassi de jipe.

Modificações típicas foram a remoção de tops conversíveis, capuzes, pára -choques, pára -brisas e/ou para -lamas; canalizando o corpo; e modificar o motor ajustando e/ou substituindo por um tipo mais poderoso. Rodas e pneus foram alterados para melhorar tração e manuseio. Hot-Rods construídos antes de 1945 usados ​​com rodas Ford-Spoke de 1945.

1945 a 1960

Após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, muitos pequenos aeroportos militares em todo o país foram abandonados ou raramente usados, permitindo que hot rodders em todo o país corriam em cursos marcados. Originalmente, a Drag Racing tinha faixas até 1,6 km ou mais e incluiu até quatro faixas de corrida simultaneamente. Enquanto alguns Hot Rodders também corriam na rua, surgiu uma necessidade de uma organização promover a segurança e fornecer locais para corridas seguras. A National Hot Rod Association foi fundada em 1951, para tirar as corridas de arrasto das ruas e entrar em ambientes controlados.

Nos anos 50 e 60, o Ford Flathead V8 foi suplantado pelo motor de fogo da Chrysler (conhecido como "Hemi Early"). Muitos hot rods atualizariam os freios do mecânico para o hidráulico ("suco") e os faróis da lâmpada ao feixe selado. Um típico Deuce personalizado de meados da década de 1950 ao início da década de 1960 era sem pára-lama e picado íngreme, alimentado por um Ford ou Mercury Flathead, com um coletor de admissão de Edelbrock, Harman e Collins Magneto e o diferencial de mudança rápida de Halibrand. Os gancho de cabelo da suspensão dianteira foram adaptados de carros de sprint, como o Kurtis Krafts.

À medida que Hot Rodding se tornou mais popular, foram iniciadas revistas e associações que atendiam a Hot Rodders, como a revista Hot Rod, fundada em 1948.

1960 para apresentar

Como os automóveis oferecidos pelas principais montadoras começaram a aumentar o desempenho, a atração de hot rods começou a diminuir. Com o advento do muscle car, agora era possível comprar um carro de alto desempenho direto do showroom.

No entanto, a crise do petróleo de 1973 fez com que os fabricantes de automóveis se concentrassem na eficiência de combustível sobre o desempenho, o que levou a um ressurgimento do interesse em hot rodding. Quando o foco se afastava das corridas, os carros modificados ficaram conhecidos como "Rods Rods". A National Street Rod Association (NSRA) foi formada e começou a organizar eventos.

Na década de 1970, o Chevy V8 de 350 Cu em (5,7 L) era a escolha mais comum do motor para hot rods. Outra opção popular do motor é o motor Ford Windsor. Durante a década de 1980, muitos fabricantes de automóveis estavam reduzindo os deslocamentos de seus motores, dificultando a obtenção de grandes motores de deslocamento. Em vez disso, os construtores de motor tiveram que modificar os motores menores (como o uso de eixos de manivela e pistões não padrão) para obter um deslocamento maior. Enquanto os V8s de produção atuais tendem a ser os candidatos mais frequentes, isso também se aplicava a outros. Em meados da década de 1980, à medida que os tamanhos dos mecanismos de estoque diminuíram, Rodders descobriram o Buick de 215 Cu em (3,5 L) de alumínio ou Oldsmobile V8 poderia ser modificado para deslocamento substancialmente maior, com peças de destaque principalmente. Essa tendência não se limitou aos carros americanos; Os entusiastas da Volkswagen formaram igualmente os motores de 1600cc para mais de dois litros.

Na cultura moderna

Ainda existe uma vibrante cultura de hot rod em todo o mundo, especialmente no Canadá, Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, Austrália e Suécia. [Citação necessária] A comunidade Hot Rod agora foi subdividida em dois grupos principais: Rodders e Hot Rodders.

Estilo de vida

Há um movimento contemporâneo de construtores de hot rod, clubes de carros e artistas tradicionais que retornaram às raízes de Hot Rodding como estilo de vida. Isso inclui uma nova geração de construtores, artistas e estilos tradicionais de hot rod, além de clubes de carros de estilo clássico. Eventos como o Greaseorama apresentam hot rods tradicionais e o estilo de vida Greaser. Revistas como Ol 'Skool Rodz, Gears e Gals e Rat-Rods e Rust Queens cobrem eventos e pessoas.

Na cultura popular

O autor Tom Wolfe foi um dos primeiros a reconhecer a importância de Hot Rodding na cultura popular e levou-a à atenção em seu livro The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Baby. [Citação necessária]

Existem revistas que apresentam hot rods tradicionais, incluindo hot rod, artesanato de carro, vara e personalizado e hot rodding popular. Há também programas de televisão como meu carro clássico, TV de potência, Hot Rod American, Rápido e Alto e Chop Cut Reconstring.

Particularmente durante o início dos anos 1960, um gênero de "Hot Rod Music" subiu à popularidade convencional. A Hot Rod Music era em grande parte um produto de vários grupos de música de surf ficando sem idéias para novas músicas de surf e, simultaneamente, mudando seu foco lírico para os hot rods. O Hot Rod Music provaria ser a segunda fase em uma progressão conhecida como The California Sound, que amadureceria em tópicos mais complexos à medida que a década passava. Os hot rods foram usados ​​como tema do Rightning Rod, uma montanha -russa Rocky Mountain Construction em Dollywood.

Na Suécia e Finlândia

Os moradores desses países, influenciados pela cultura americana, criaram uma cultura local de hot rod, vibrante na Suécia e na Finlândia, onde os entusiastas se reúnem em reuniões como Power Big Meet e clubes como rodas e asas em Varberg, a Suécia se estabeleceram em Hot Rod cultura. Como há muito pouca "lata vintage", os hot rods na Suécia geralmente são feitos com um chassi caseiro (geralmente um modelo T ou uma réplica), com um eixo traseiro Jaguar (ou Volvo 240), um v8 de bloqueio pequeno, e banheira de fibra de vidro, mas alguns foram construídos usando, por exemplo, um chassi da Volvo Duett. Como os regulamentos suecos exigiram um teste de colisão, mesmo para carros de passageiros personalizados entre 1969 e 1982, a opção Duett era preferida, pois era considerada um duet reexigrado e não um veículo novo. Cerca de carros de 1950 e 1960 também são Hot Rodded, como Morris Minor, Ford Anglia, Volvo Amazon, Ford Cortina, '57 Chevy, para citar apenas alguns. Estes são conhecidos como carros personalizados (às vezes soletrados Kustom).

Linguagem

Certas convenções lingüísticas são comuns entre as hastes: [citação necessária]

The model year is rarely given in full, except when it might be confused, so a 1934 model is a '34, while a 2005 might be an '05 or not.A '32 is usually a Deuce and most often a roadster, unless coupé is specified, and almost always a Ford.A 3- or 5-window is usually a Ford unless specified.A flatty is a flathead V8 (always Ford, unless specified ); a late (or late model) flatty is probably a Merc.A hemi ("hem ee") is always a 426, unless displacement (331, 354, or 392) is specified; a 426 is a hemi, unless Wedge is specified.A 392 is an early hemi.A 331 or 354 is known to be an (early) Hemi, but rarely referred to as suchUnits are routinely dropped, unless they are unclear, so a 426 cubic inch (in³) engine is simply referred to as a 426, a 5-liter engine is a 5.0 ("five point oh"), and a 600 cubic feet per minute (cfm) carburetor is a 600. Engine displacement can be described in cubic inches or liters (for example, a 5.7-liter engine is also known as a 350 {"three fifty"}); this frequently depends on which units the user is most comfortable or familiar with.

Termos comuns

1/2-race — mild flatty cam, suitable for enthusiastic street or highway use. It was halfway in performance between a full race cam and a stock cam.3/4-race — high-performance flatty cam, suitable for street and strip use. These cams were half way in performance between a full race cam and a 1/2 race cam.3 deuces — arrangement of three 2-barrel (twin-choke) carburetors; distinct from Six Pak and Pontiac and Olds Tri-Power (also 3x2 arrangements)3-window — 2-door coupé; so named for one door window on each side plus the rear window5-window — 2-door coupé; so named for one door window and one quarter window on each side plus the rear window97s (“ninety-sevens”) — reference to particular Stromberg carburetorsA-bone — Model A coupéAlky — alcohol (methanol) racing fuelAltered — drag racing car, or the category it runs inAnglebox - British slang for a '59 to '68 AngliaArdun — Hemi heads for the flathead, designed by Zora DuntovAwful Awful (mainly North American) — AA/FA ("double A" Fuel Altered) racing carBack-halved - a bodied drag racing car that has had its stock rear suspension removed and replaced with a four-link or ladder bar rear suspension, and narrowed rear axle. This arrangement allows for larger tires and better adjustability.Bagged - the use of air suspension to raise and lower the car[citation needed]Bench race (or bench racing) - discussion of racing, or of a car's performanceBig tire - a drag racing car running large rear tires usually over 29" tall and wider than 10.5"Blower — mechanically driven supercharger; excludes turbochargers. Commonly a Roots.BlownAn engine equipped with a supercharger (a "blown hemi"); rarely used in reference to turbocharged enginesA vehicle equipped with a supercharged engine (a "blown higboy")A wrecked engine or transmissionBlue oval — Ford product (for the badge)Blueprint - to assemble something (usually an engine) to precise specifications or with special careBlueprinting - to blueprintBondo — the brand name for a body filler putty, often used as a generic term for any such productBored — increased the diameter of the cylinders in order to increase engine displacement ("He bored the engine"); having had the diameter increased ("the engine was bored")Bottle — nitrous tankBowtie — Chevrolet product (for the badge)Boosted — a car that has a turbocharger or supercharger[citation needed]Bugcatcher (or bugcatcher intake) — large scoop intake protruding through hood opening, or on cars with no hood.Bulletproof - assembled in a fail-proof mannerBump in — the act of staging a drag car by moving forward in short increments or "bumps" while a transbrake or light foot brake pressure is applied. A transbrake equipped car uses a "bump box" to momentarily unlock the transmission allowing it to creep short distances. This is often done by turbo cars in order to build boost pressure while staging, but can also be done by non-turbo cars to shallow stage to increase roll out.Bumpstick — camshaft (for the lobes)Burndown — intentionally slowly staging a car for a drag race in order to throw the other driver off his game, or to cause the opponent's car to build excess heat. Also called a staging duel.Cam — camshaftCammer(most commonly) the SOHC (single overhead camshaft) version of the 427 Ford V8.(sometimes) the Ford Racing Power Parts 5-liter.(rarely) any engine with overhead camshaft(s).Channelled — a car lowered by having the floor removed and reattached; also, to have done soChanneling — removing the floor and reattaching it to the body at a higher point, thus lowering the car without suspension modifications. Sometimes known as a "body drop".Cheater slicks (also "cheaters") — soft compound tires with just enough tread added to make them street legal (not usually in singular)Cherry — like newChipped — fitted with a modified ECU or PCMChop — removing a section of the roof pillars and windows to lower the rooflineChopped — also "chopped top"; to have top choppedChopping — executing a top chopC.I.D. (sometimes cubic inches or inches) — cubic inches displacementCOPO - Central Office Production OrderCrank — crankshaftCubes — CIDCubic inches — CIDCutout — a short leg of the exhaust system that exits to the side of the car and typically in front of the driver. The cutout can be operated manually or remotely from the driver's seat. Hot rodders typically use cutouts on hot rods that are used on the street and the strip. The cutout is closed for street use and open for drag racing on the strip.Deuce — '32 Ford Model B (most often a roadster); now commonly on A frame railsDigger — dragster: only applied to rails, slingshots, or fuel carsDouble-pumper - carburetor with mechanical primary and secondary jetsDual quads — two four-barrel carburetorsDragster(broadly) any vehicle modified or purpose-built for use on strips.(specifically) specialized racers (early or recent types, in gas, alky, or fuel varieties)Door slammer (doorslammer, door car[citation needed]) — A drag racing car that retains its stock body with functioning doors or the appearance of a stock body with functioning doors. Some classes of door slammers are Pro Stock, Pro Modified, Real Street, x275, and Outlaw 10.5.Dyno queen — a car that puts up impressive power numbers on a dynamometer but fails to perform well when actually raced.Elephant — Chrysler hemiFabricate - create a part no longer be available; create any part from scratchFactory freak - an unmodified car that seemingly makes more power than or is much quicker than the average for its year, make, and model.[citation needed]Fat-fender — 1934-48 (U.S.) car (Most common usage is to refer to '41-'48 inclusive, with '35-'41s called "pontoon fenders".)Flager (street racing) —the person who stages and starts the race, usually by an arm drop or flashlight.[citation needed]Flamed — painted with a flame jobFlatty — flathead engine (usually refers to a Ford; when specified, the Mercury-built model)3/8s by 3/8s — lengthening the stroke and increasing the cylinder bore 3⁄8 in (9.5 mm). A term only applied to flattys.Four-barrel - carburetor with four venturis (chokes)French — to install headlight or taillight slightly sunken into fenderFrenched — headlight or tallight slightly sunken into fender; to install as such ("she frenched the taillights")Fuel(most commonly) nitro (or a mixture of nitro and alky)the top drag racing class (which runs on nitro)(broadly) gasoline (petrol)Fuelie(originally) the 1957 Corvette fuel injected engine, or the car itself ("the fuellie 'vette")(commonly now) any fuel injected engineFueler — any drag racing car run on nitro, or in a nitro classFull-race — high-performance flatty cam, suitable only for strip useGasser — car used in gasoline-only drag racing classes in the 1960s (as opposed to alcohol or nitromethane fuels), where the front end of the car is raised along with the motor. Characterized by a body that sits well above the front wheels. Distinct from hiboy.Gap — To win a race by at least a car length[citation needed] ("That GTO put the gap on that Mustang.")Gennie — genuineGiggle gas — nitrous oxideGoat — Pontiac GTOGrenaded — to break a part into pieces ("When I missed that shift it grenaded my transmission.")Hair dryer — turbocharger (for the shape of the intake and exhaust casings)Hairpins — radius rods on axle suspension systemsHang (or pull) the laundry — to deploy a braking parachuteHeader — variety of exhaust manifold.The hit — giving someone in a drag race the option to move first.[citation needed] Sometimes "the move".[citation needed]Hopped up (also "hopped") — stock engine modified to increase performance (more common in the '40s and '50s)Huffer — supercharger, especially of the Roots type.Hydrogen Hot Rod — Hot Rrod powered by alternate fuelInches — CIDIndian (also "Tin Indian") — Pontiac (for the grille badge)Jimmy(usually) GMC straight-6 engineany GMC product, such as a compressor used on 2-stroke diesels used as a supercharger.Jimmy Six — GMC straight 6Juicenitronitrous oxideJug - carburetor (no longer common)Juice brakes — hydraulic brakesKits — multiple nitrous oxide systems ("How many kits are you spraying?")[citation needed]Lake pipes — exhaust pipes running beneath the rocker panels, after use by lakes racers.Laundry - parachutes used to slow drag racing carsLope — exhaust note produced by of a high-duration camLouvers — cuts in the sheet metal of the body with a narrow raised section on one side of the cuts to create a small opening. Used to release air from engine compartments, or often merely for aestheticsLowering — reducing the ride height (or ground clearance)Lunched — wrecked; caused to be wrecked ("lunched the transmission")Magmagnesium wheel, or steel or aluminum copy resembling one suchmagnetoMerc — MercuryMill — any internal combustion engineMoons (or Moon discs; incorrectly, moon discs) — plain flat chrome or aluminum disc hubcaps, originally adopted by land speed racers. Smaller examples are "baby Moons". Named for Dean Moon.Mopar — any car or engine sold by Chrysler Corporation; from the name of the parts, service, and customer care organizationMouse — small-block ChevyMountain motor — large-displacement engine. Named for their size, and for being constructed in the mountains of Tennessee and North Carolina. In organized automotive competition, the term commonly references a V8 engine displacing more than 500 cubic inches; informally, a V8 engine displacing more than 560 cubic inchesThe move — giving someone in a drag race the option to move first.[citation needed] Also "the hit"[citation needed]Nail — any car used as a daily driver[citation needed]Nailhead — Early Buick V8, named for relatively small diameter valvesNerf bar — a small tubular or solid T-shaped or decorative bar that acts as a bumper.Nitro — Nitromethane, used as a fuel additive in some drag carsNitrous — nitrous oxideNOSNew Old Stock, stockpiled parts of models no longer produced, not previously available for retail purchase. (More common among customizers than rodders.)Nitrous Oxide System (a.k.a. laughing gas, liquid supercharger, N2O, nitrous, "the bottle"): apparatus for introducing nitrous oxide into the air intake of an engine prior to the fuel entering the cylinder.Nosed — as in "nosed & decked": removal of any hood (bonnet) or trunk (boot) ornaments, the filling of holes, and painting as a smooth clean surface.Pickoupe — car-based light-duty pickup, blend of "pickup" & "coupé"Pinched — narrowed and lengthened body, usually at the nose[citation needed]Popa mixture of nitro & alkyBritish slang for a sit-up and beg[clarification needed] Ford Popular.[citation needed]Plod(British) body filler(British) traffic police (after PC Plod in Enid Blyton's Noddy series)[citation needed]Poncho - Pontiac productPorted and polished — enlarging and smoothing of the intake and exhaust port surfaces of performance engine cylinder heads to facilitate the ease of movement and increased volume of the engine gases.Port-matching — the lining up of the intake manifold, cylinder head ports and exhaust headers as to create one continuous smooth course of travel for engine gases with no ledges or obstructions.Prepped — a track or road that has been treated with various chemicals to increase tractionPro Street — street-legal car resembling a Pro Stock car. Some are very thinly disguised racers.Puke can — radiator overflow reservoir, to prevent boilovers spilling on the trackQJ — Quadrajet (Rochester 4-barrel carburetor)Q-jet — QuadrajetRagtop - convertible or roadsterRaildragster with exposed front frame rails. Usually refers to early short-wheelbase cars, and not usually to Altereds.(drag racing) guardrailRail jobdragster with exposed front frame. Usually refers to early short-wheelbase cars, and not usually to Altereds.RatChevy big block engine,rat rod[citation needed]Redline — maximum safe rev limit; to operate an engine at that limit ("redline it", "redlined it")Repop - reproduction (part)Rockcrusher — Muncie M22 4-speed transmission so-called because of the audible differences in operation between the model M-22 and its lower strength but quieter cousin, the M-21[citation needed]Rocket — Oldsmobile, in particular their early V8sRolled pan (sometimes roll pan) — a contoured sheet of metal covering the space where the bumper used to beSandbagger — driver who intentionally drives slower than his car is capable of or lets off before the end of the drag strip to give the illusion his car is slower than it is to lure people into racing.SBC — small-block Chevy V8SBF — Small block Ford V8.Sectioned — having sectioning ("the '49 was sectioned"); having performed a sectioning ("he sectioned the Merc")Sectioning — removing of a horizontal center section of the body and reattaching the upper and lower partsShoebox — '49-'54 Ford (for the slab-sided appearance)Shotgun - Ford Boss 429Six Pak - Chrysler carburetor arrangement with three two-barrelsSkyJackers — air shocks used in the rear to jack up the backend to clear wider tires/wheels.Slammed — lowering the car very close to the ground. Frequently accomplished with the use of air suspension.Sleeper — a car built to appear stock or in poor condition but actually very quick.Slick(s) — soft compound tire with no grooves, designed only for drag racing. Usually much wider than normal street tires.Slingshot — later variety of early digger, named for the driver's position behind the rear wheels (not its speed )Slugpistonslow carSlushbox - automatic transmissionSmack — Nitrous Oxide[citation needed]Small tire — a drag racing car using rear tires generally no taller than 29" and no wider than 10.5"SOHC ("sock") - 427 “cammer”Souped (or "souped up") — hopped up, performance improved (more common in '40s and '50s)Spray — nitrous oxide[citation needed]Snail — turbocharger, from the snail shell appearance of the housingStatic — the use of static suspension components, such as coilovers, to lower a carSteelies — stock steel rimsStovebolt — Chevrolet Stovebolt engineStraight axle — term for a car (often a gasser) that has had it stock A-arm style front suspension removed for leaf springs and a solid tube axle.Street legal — dual-purpose car, capable of performing routine duties as well as weekend racing. Some cars described as such, such as Pro Street cars, are very thinly disguised racers.Street-strip — dual-purpose car, capable of performing routine duties as well as weekend racing. Some cars described as such have very marginal off-track utility.Stripdrag strip.(more broadly) cars or parts used or intended for racing only. Thus "street-strip" is a dual-purpose car.Stroke — Engine stroke; to increase the engine stroke ("stroke it")Stroked — increased stroke, to increase displacement, by adding a longer-stroke crankshaftSuicided — door changed from front- to rear-hinged ("suicide") typeTin Indian — Pontiac (for the grille badge)Toploader — Ford 4-speed manual transmission, so named because access to the transmission internal was made via an access panel located on the top of the transmission housing Track T — Model T roadster built in the style of a dirt track race carTraction bars —usually, a set of square tubes attached to the back axle via 2 U bolts before and after the axle housing leading forward with a rubber snubber at the top end allowing as the car takes off to limit axle wrap on leaf springs.Trailer queen - a race car that is not daily driven, is trailered to events, and sees little or no use other than on a race trackTri-Five - a 1955, 1956 or 1957 Chevrolet automobile.Tubbed — a car that has had its stock rear wheel wells removed and replaced with larger ones to allow for wider rear tires.Tunneled — deeply sunken into fenderVirgin road — a stretch of road that has not been raced on or had traction increasing products used on it[citation needed]Vdub — slang for a Volkswagen automobile.Weedburners — short exhaust pipes, running parallel to the ground, with no mufflers (similar to Funny Car exhausts), used for racing, or just for show (not street legal)Wheelie bars - rear-mounted bars with small wheels, designed to limit or eliminate wheelstandsWombat — General Motors W series engineWrinkle walls — drag racing slicksZoomie pipes (or zoomies) — short exhaust pipes with no mufflers, used for racing, or just for show (not street legal)

Alguns termos têm um significado adicional e diferente entre os personalizadores do que entre os Rodders: NOS, por exemplo, é uma referência a novos estoque antigo, em vez de óxido nitroso.

Galeria

Veja também