Fundo
O Dr. Hayashi iniciou sua carreira jurídica internacional em 1971 como oficial nas Nações Unidas. A partir de 1980, ele trabalhou como diplomata na missão permanente do Japão às Nações Unidas, subindo para o cargo de ministro. Em 1989, ele retornou às Nações Unidas para servir como diretor e posteriormente como diretor de sua divisão de assuntos oceânicos e a lei do mar. Em 1996, o Dr. Hayashi começou a servir como chefe do Departamento de Pesca da Organização das Nações Unidas das Nações Unidas. Em 1999, ele ingressou na Waseda University em Tóquio, no Japão, para ministrar vários cursos, incluindo o direito internacional do mar e o direito ambiental internacional. Ele atuou na Comissão Internacional de Navegação e em um painel independente nomeado pela Comissão Internacional para a Conservação dos Tunas Atlânticos. Ele palestras e participa ativamente de conferências legais em todo o mundo, como a Conferência Internacional sobre Desenvolvimento Conjunto e o Mar da China Meridional, realizado pelo Centro de Direito Internacional da Universidade Nacional de Cingapura em junho de 2011 e uma conferência do Instituto de Lei da Sea na Universidade de Wollongong, Austrália em novembro e dezembro de 2011.
Papel no debate de atum azul
Por sua própria descrição, a Comissão Internacional de Conservação dos Tunas Atlânticos (ICCAT) é uma "organização de pesca intergovernamental responsável pela conservação de tunas e espécies semelhantes a atum no Oceano Atlântico e seus mares adjacentes". Em 2008, respondendo às preocupações levantadas pela comunidade internacional, o ICCAT nomeou um painel independente para revisar seu próprio desempenho. O Dr. Hayashi serviu como membro deste painel.
O relatório criticou o desempenho do ICCAT, observando que a performance dos membros do ICCAT no gerenciamento da pesca de atum azul no Atlântico e o Mediterrâneo oriental é "amplamente considerado uma desgraça internacional" e "uma farsa na gestão da pesca". Indicando que o colapso do estoque de atum azul nessas áreas "pode ser uma possibilidade real no futuro próximo", o painel recomendou que a pesca no atum azul -bluefin fosse suspensa até que os membros do ICCAT concordem em cumprir certas recomendações e direito internacional.
O relatório atraiu o apoio de vários grandes grupos de defesa. Por exemplo, o World Wide Fund for Nature (anteriormente, World Wildlife Fund) abraçou o relatório e chamou a pesca de "grosseiramente fora de controle". O Greenpeace indicou que "acredita que os países pesqueiros da UE e do Mediterrâneo deveriam suportar o peso das críticas por ter levado a bluefin à beira do colapso, acrescentando que os países colocaram repetidamente o ganho financeiro de curto prazo antes da sobrevivência a longo prazo das espécies e da subsistência dos pescadores que dependem disso ". O ICCAT indicou que, em resposta ao relatório, analisou o registro de conformidade de cada país com um foco particular no atum rabilho oriental. Em novembro de 2010, no entanto, o ICCAT não concordou em suspender a pesca no atum azul.
O Dr. Hayashi enfatiza a necessidade de um aumento na cooperação internacional e na vontade política de controlar a potencial devastação gerada pela demanda do mercado. Em uma entrevista em 1997, o Dr. Hayashi comentou: "Olhando para a questão da sobrepesca, por exemplo, a história mostra que está o caminho para a super-capitalização na pesca industrial e pressão excessiva no caso de pesca em pequena escala e uma perseguição de cabeça em busca de maiores colheitas. Isso levou ao colapso de algumas pescarias e estoques de peixes ".
Publicações selecionadas
"Islands' Sea Areas: Effects of a Rising Sea Level," Review of Island Studies (OPRF Center of Island Studies Pub. 2013) (translated from "Shima no kaiiki to kaimen jōshō," Tōsho Kenkyū Journal, Vol. 2 No. 1, Oct. 2012, pp. 74–87)."Sea level rise and the law of the sea: How can the affected States be better protected?" presented at the "Law of the Sea Institute Conference - The Limits of Maritime Jurisdiction" hosted at the University of Wollongong, Australia, November 28, 2011 through December 2, 2011."Sea-Level Rise and the Law of the Sea: Future Options," in Davor Vidas and Peter Johan Schei, eds. The World Ocean in Globalisation: Climate Change, Sustainable Fisheries, Biodiversity, Shipping, Regional Issues (Brill; M. Nijhoff Pub. 2011)."Japan: Anti-Piracy Law," International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, vol. 25 (2010), pp. 143–149."International Measures to Combat Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing and Japan, " Japanese Yearbook of International Law, vol. 51 (2008), pp. 57–75."Regional Fisheries Management Organizations and Non-Members," in Tafsir Malick Ndjaye and Rüdiger Wolfrum, eds. Law of the Sea, Environmental Law and Settlement of Disputes. Liber Amicorum Judge Thomas A. Mensah (Leiden/Boston: M. Nijhoff Pub. 2007), pp. 751–765"Regional Fisheries Management in the East China Sea," in M. Nordquist, J. N. Moore and Kuen-chen Fu, eds., Recent Developments in the Law of the sea and China (Leiden/Boston: M. Nijhoff Pub. 2006), pp. 219–237"Military and Intelligence Gathering Activities in the EEZ: Definition of Key Terms," Marine Policy, vol. 29, no. 2 (2005), pp. 123–137"Jurisdiction over Foreign Commercial Ships in Ports: A Gap in the Law of the Sea Codification," Ocean Yearbook, vol. 18 (2004), pp. 488–511"Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing: Global and Regional Responses," in D. Caron and H. Scheiber, eds., Bringing New Law to Ocean Waters (Leiden/Boston: M. Nijhoff Publishers, 2004), pp. 95–123"Global Governance of Deep-Sea Fisheries," International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, vol. 19, no. 3 (2004), pp. 289–298"Three Decades' Progress in High Seas Fisheries Governance: Towards a Common Heritage Regime?" in M. Nordquist, et al. eds., The Stockholm Declaration and Law of the Marine Environment (Leiden/Boston: M. Nijhoff Publishers, 2003), pp. 375–397"High Seas Fisheries Governance: Recent Trends and Issues in the Asia-Pacific Region," in N. Azimi, M. Fuller and H. Nakayama, eds., Sea and Human Security: Proceedings of an International Conference, Hiroshima, March 2002 (University of Texas at Austin, 2002)"Toward the Elimination of Substandard Shipping: The Report of the International Commission on Shipping," International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, vol. 16, no. 3 (2001), pp. 501–513"The 1995 Agreement on the Conservation and Management of Straddling and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks: Significance for the Law of the Sea Convention," in H. Caminos, ed. Law of the Sea (Aldershot: Ashgate Pub. Co., 2001), pp. 301–319"The Problem of Substandard Shipping: Towards Responsible Flag States," in D. Johnston and A. Sirivivatnanon, eds., Ocean Governance and Sustainable Development in the Pacific Region. Selected papers, Commentaries and Comments Presented to the SEAPOL Inter-Regional Conference, Bangkok, 21–23 March 2001, pp. 241–252"The Southern Bluefin Tuna Cases: Prescription of Provisional Measures by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea," Tulane Environmental Law Journal, vol. 13, no. 2 (2000), pp. 361–385"Division of the Oceans and Ecosystem Management: A Contrastive Spatial Evolution of Marine Fisheries Governance," Ocean and Coastal Management, vol. 43, no. 6 (2000) (with S. M. Garcia), pp. 445–474"The 1995 UN Fish Stocks Agreement and the Law of the Sea," in D. Vidas and W. Ostreng, eds., Order for the Oceans at the Turn of the Century (The Hague/London/Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1999), pp. 37–53"The Straddling and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks Agreement," in E. Hey, ed., Developments in International Fisheries Law (The Hague/London/Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1999), pp. 55–83"The 1994 Agreement for the Universalization of the Law of the Sea Convention," Ocean Development and International Law, vol. 27 (1996), pp. 31–39"Enforcement by non-flag states on the high seas under the 1995 Agreement on Straddling and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks," Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, vol. 9, issue 1 (1996), pp. 1–36"Archaeological and historical objects under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea," Marine Policy, vol. 20, no. 4 (1996), pp. 291–296Roy Lee and Moritaka Hayashi, eds., New Directions in the Law of the Sea: Global Developments (3 vol. loose-leaf pub. from Oceana Publications, New York, since 1995)Roy Lee and Moritaka Hayashi, eds., New Directions in the Law of the Sea: Regional and National Developments (3 vol. loose-leaf pub. from Oceana Publications, New York, since 1995)"The role of the United Nations in managing the world's fisheries," in Gerald Blake, et at., eds., The Peaceful Management of Transboundary Resources (London/Dordrecht/Boston: Trotman/M.Nijhoff, 1995), pp. 373–393"The 1995 Agreement on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks: Significance for the Law of the Sea Convention," Ocean and Coastal Management, vol. 29 (1995), pp. 51–69"The role of the Secretary-General under the Law of the Sea Convention and the Part XI Agreement," International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, vol. 10, no. 2 (1995), pp. 157–164"Prospects for Universal Acceptance of the Part XI Agreement," Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, vol. 7, issue 3 (1995), pp. 687–695"Effect of the entry into force of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the oceans and coastal areas," in SEAPOL Singapore Conference on Sustainable Development of Coastal and Ocean Areas in Southeast Asia : Post-Rio Perspectives (National University of Singapore, 1995), pp. 59–85"United Nations Conference on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks: An Analysis of the 1993 Sessions," Ocean Yearbook, vol. 11 (1994), pp. 20–45"UNCLOS Part XI Agreement, with Particular Reference to the Status of Registered Pioneer Investors," in International Advisory Conference on Deep Seabed Mining Policy (KORDI, Seoul, 1994)"Regulation of Land-based Marine Pollution," in J. Hickey and L. Longmire, eds., The Environment: Global Problems, Local Actions (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1994), pp. 171–179"The management of transboundary fish stocks under the Law of the Sea Convention," International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, vol. 8, no. 2 (1993), pp. 245–261"The Oceans Agenda at the UNCED Process: a UN/DOALOS Perspective," in M. Nordquist, ed., National Policy and the Oceans: Sixteenth Annual Seminar of the Center for Oceans Law and Policy, University of Virginia School of Law (Charlottesville, Va. 1993), pp. 179–183"The 1988 IMO Convention on the Suppression of Maritime Terrorism," in Henry Han, ed., Terrorism and Political Violence: Limits and Possibilities of Legal Control (New York: Oceana Publications, 1993), pp. 225–240"The role of national jurisdictional zones in ocean management," in Paolo Fabbri, ed., Ocean Management in Global Change (London/New York: Elsevier, 1992), pp. 209–225"Fisheries in the North Pacific: Japan at a Turning Point," Ocean Development and International Law, vol. 22, no. 4 (1991), pp. 343–364"The Obligations of the Registered Pioneer Investors: Toward a New Understanding at the Law of the Sea Preparatory Commission," Ocean and Shoreline Management, vol. 14, no. 4 (1990), pp. 273–292"Registration of the first group of pioneer investors by the Preparatory Commission for the Law of the Sea Convention," Ocean Development and International Law, vol. 20, no. 1 (1989), pp. 1–33"The dispute settlement clause of the 1986 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties," New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, vol. 19, no. 2 (1987), pp. 327–356"The Antarctica question in the United Nations," Cornell International Law Journal, vol. 19, no. 2 (1986), pp. 275–290"Japan and deep seabed mining," Ocean Development and International Law, vol. 17, no. 4 (1986), pp. 351–365"Strengthening the principle of the peaceful settlement of disputes: United Nations efforts and Japan," Japanese Annual of International Law, no. 27 (1984), pp. 27–51"Comparative National Legislation on Offshore Pollution," Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, vol. 1, no. 2 (1973), pp. 250–256"An International Machinery for the Management of the Seabed: Birth and Growth of the Idea," Annals of International Studies (Geneva), no. 4 (1973), pp. 251–279"Soviet policy on the regulation of high sea fisheries," Cornell International Law Journal, vol. 5, no. 2 (1972), pp. 131–160
