Vôo transcontinental
Content
História
O primeiro voo transcontinental de várias paradas pelos Estados Unidos foi feito em 1911 por Calbraith Perry Rodgers, na tentativa de ganhar o prêmio Hearst oferecido pelo editor William Randolph Hearst. Hearst ofereceu um prêmio de US $ 50.000 ao primeiro aviador a voar de costa a costa, em qualquer direção, em menos de 30 dias do início ao fim. As tentativas anteriores de James J. Ward e Henry Atwood não tiveram êxito.
Rodgers convenceu J. Ogden Armour, de Armour and Company, a patrocinar o voo e, em troca, ele nomeou o avião em homenagem ao refrigerante de uva da armadura "Vin Fiz". Rodgers saiu de Sheepshead Bay, Nova York, em 17 de setembro de 1911, às 16:30, carregando a primeira bolsa de correio transcontinental. Ele atravessou as Montanhas Rochosas em 5 de novembro de 1911 e desembarcou no torneio em Pasadena, Califórnia, às 16h04, em frente a uma multidão de 20.000 pessoas. Ele havia perdido o prazo de prêmio por 19 dias. Ele foi acompanhado no chão por uma equipe de apoio que reparou e reconstruiu o avião após cada pouso de acidente. A viagem exigiu 70 paradas.
Em 10 de dezembro de 1911, ele voou para Long Beach, Califórnia, e simbolicamente taxiou seu avião no Oceano Pacífico.
Linha do tempo
1911 James J. Ward, failed attempt1911 Henry Atwood, failed attempt1911 Calbraith Perry Rodgers start: September 17, 1911, at 4:30 pm; finish: November 5, 1911 1912 (circa) Robert George Fowler1923 First non-stop flight from Long Island, New York to Rockwell Field, San Diego by Lt. John Macready and Lt. Oakley Kelly in a Fokker T-21929 The Buhl Airsedan "Spokane Sun-God" was the first aircraft to make a non-stop US transcontinental round-trip flight on August 15, 1929 (Nick Mamer and Art Walker flew it from Spokane, Washington, to New York City and back between August 15 and 21, 1929, taking 120 hours 1 minute 40 seconds ).1930 Frank Hawks flew from San Diego to New York in a towed glider leaving San Diego March 30, 1930 and arriving in New York eight days later.1932 First scheduled cross-country through passenger flights (no change of plane)1933 Transcontinental passenger flights in as little as 20 hours on the Boeing 247.1934 First three-stop airline flights (TWA DC-2s)1946 First one-stop airline flights (United DC-4s and TWA Constellations)1953 First sustained nonstop airline flights (TWA may have flown some LA-NY nonstops in 1947)1957 First transcontinental flight to average supersonic speed. John Glenn flew from Naval Air Station Los Alamitos, California to Floyd Bennett Field, New York in 3 hours and 23 minutes.Registro de velocidade do ar transcontinental
O tempo de voo e no solo é contado após os primeiros voos
Esta lista está incompleta; Você pode ajudar adicionando itens ausentes. (Agosto de 2008)
YearDateTimeDirectionPilotAircraftNotes and reference1911September 173 days, 10 hours, 14 minutesEast to WestCalbraith Perry RodgersVin Fiz FlyerThe first transcontinental flight. It took fifty days (3 days, 10 hours, 14 minutes actual flying time). Rodgers made it in some seventy hops, flying a Wright biplane which was damaged and repaired so many times en route that nothing remained of the original machine at the finish but the drip pan and the vertical rudder.1919October 113 days, 3 hours, 5 minutes [1][permanent dead link]East to WestBelvin W. MaynardDH-4On the first leg of the "Transcontinental Air Race of 1919" which saw 33 planes cross the U.S. with 8 completing the round-trip (out of 67 which began the trip). Nine deaths occurred during what was officially the U.S. Army's "Transcontinental Reliability and Endurance Test"1922September 421 hours, 19 minutesEast to WestJimmy DoolittleDH-4Pablo Beach, Florida, to San Diego, California, with only one refueling stop [2]1923May 2–326 hours, 50 minutes, 38.4 secondsEast to WestLt John A. Macready and Lt Oakley G. KellyFokker T-2First nonstop transcontinental flight: Roosevelt Field, Long Island to Rockwell Field, North Island, San Diego. Longest straight-line distance covered nonstop until then 1924June 2320 hours, 48 minutesEast to WestRussell MaughanCurtiss P-1 HawkFirst transcontinental flight "during hours of daylight". See also: Dawn-to-dusk transcontinental flight across the United States, New York City to San Francisco, average speed 128 miles per hour1929February 418 hours 22 minutesWest to EastFrank HawksLockheed Air ExpressLos Angeles Van Nuys to New York Roosevelt Field nonstop, 2481 miles, with mechanic/fueller Oscar Grubb1929June 2719 hours, 10 minutesEast to WestFrank HawksLockheed Air Express[unreliable source?]New York City to Los Angeles 1929June 2817 hours, 36 minutesWest to EastFrank HawksLockheed Air ExpressLos Angeles to New York City1929August 15120 hr 1 min 40 secWest to East and East to WestNick Mamer and Art WalkerBuhl Airsedan "Spokane Sun-God"First non-stop transcontinental round-trip flight from Spokane, Washington to New York City and back1930April 2014 hr 45 minWest to EastCharles A. LindberghLockheed SiriusLos Angeles (Glendale) to New York Roosevelt Field, one stop 1930May 2718 hr 43 minEast to WestRoscoe TurnerLockheed Air ExpressNew York City to Los Angeles with 3 passengers. 1930Aug 1312 hr 25 minWest to EastFrank HawksTravel Air "Mystery S"Los Angeles to New York City; three stops 1931September 411 hr 16 min 10 secWest to EastJimmy Doolittle1931 Laird Super SolutionBurbank CA to Newark NJ, three stops [3]1932August 2910 hr 19 minWest to EastJimmy HaizlipWedell-Williams Model 44Burbank to New York Floyd Bennett; two stops. Completed after winning the 2nd annual Bendix Trophy race. 1932November 1412 hr 33 minEast to WestRoscoe TurnerWedell-Williams Model 44New York Floyd Bennett to Burbank, California; three stops 1933July 111 hr 30 minEast to WestRoscoe TurnerWedell-Williams Model 44New York Floyd Bennett to Burbank, California; four stops 1933September 24-2510 hr 5 min 30 secWest to EastRoscoe TurnerWedell-Williams Model 44Burbank, California to New York Floyd Bennett; two stops 1936January 139 hr 27 minWest to EastHoward HughesNorthrop Gamma Burbank, California to Newark, New Jersey. Hughes took off from Burbank, California, on January 13, 1936, en route to Newark, New Jersey, and a new cross-country record. He made the flight in 9 hours, 27 minutes, 10 seconds, and bettered Roscoe Turner's mark by 36 minutes. [4]1937January 197 hr 28 min 25 secWest to EastHoward HughesHughes H-1 Racernonstop Burbank, California to overhead Newark Airport, NJ; 2445 miles1939February 117 hr ? minWest to EastBenjamin S. KelseyXP-387 hr 43 min March Field, California to overhead Mitchel Field, New York including 41 min on ground at Amarillo and Dayton1945January 96 hr 4 minWest to EastCurtin L. ReinhardtC-97 StratofreighterSeattle to Washington, D.C., average speed 0 mph [5]1945May 15 hr 40 minWest to EastNajeeb HalabyMuroc AFB to Patuxent River NAS [6]1945December5 hr 17 minWest to EastGlen Edwards and Lt. Col. Henry E. WardenXB-42 MixmasterCaptain Glen Edwards and Lt. Col. Henry E. Warden set a new transcontinental record flying the XB-42 from Long Beach, California to Bolling Field in Washington DC (2301 miles) in 5 hours 17 minutes, average 433.6 mph (697.8 km/h).1945December5 hr 27 min 8 secWest to EastCol C. S. IrvineBoeing B-29Burbank, California to overhead Floyd Bennett Field, New York; average 450 miles/hour for 2459 miles1946January 264 hr 13 min 26 secWest to EastCol W. H. CouncillLockheed P-80Long Beach, California to overhead La Guardia Airport, New York; 2460 miles nonstop, unrefuelled1947September 37 hr 00 min 04 secEast to WestPaul MantzNorth American P-51La Guardia Airport, NY to Burbank, California, 2459 miles1949February 83 hr 46 minWest to EastB-47 StratojetLarson AFB, Moses Lake, Washington to Andrews AFB near Washington DC, 607.8 mph average [7]1954January 24 hr 8 min 5 secWest to EastCol Willard MillikanNorth American F-86FLos Angeles LAX to overhead New York Floyd Bennett, 2468 miles; time includes fuel stop at Offutt AFB1954March 304 hr 24 min 17 secWest to EastJoe DeBonaNorth American P-51CLos Angeles LAX nonstop to New York Idlewild, 2474 miles — still the prop record (560 mph)1954April 13 hr 45 min 30 secWest to EastLtCdr Francis BradyGrumman F9F-7 CougarSan Diego North Island to New York Floyd Bennett, 2442 miles, nonstop, one refuelling1955March 93 hr 46 min 33.6 secWest to EastLt Col Robert ScottRepublic F-84FLos Angeles LAX to overhead New York Floyd Bennett, 2468 miles; two aerial refuellings1955May 215 hr 28 minEast to WestLieut John ConroyNorth American F-86New York Mitchel Field to Los Angeles Van Nuys, 2481 miles, three stops1957March 215 hr 15 minEast to WestCdr Dale CoxDouglas A3Dnonstop unrefuelled New York Floyd Bennett to Los Angeles LAX1957March 233 hr 39 min 24 secWest to EastDouglas A3DBurbank CA to overhead Miami MCAS, FL1957May 193 hr 38 minWest to EastN American F-100FPalmdale CA to McGuire AFB, NJ1957July 163 hr 23 min 8.4 secWest to EastMajor John H. Glenn, Jr., USMCVought F8U-1P Crusader"Project Bullet" non-stop from NAS Los Alamitos, California 2455 miles to Floyd Bennett Field, New York averaging Mach 1.1, despite three refuelings from AJ piston-engine tankers during which speed dropped below 300 mph. Glenn's on-board reconnaissance camera recorded the first continuous panoramic photograph of the United States.1957November 273 hr 5 min 39.2 secWest to EastLieutenant Gustav KlattF-101 Voodoo"Operation Sun Run", RF-101C refuelled four times by KC-135s; Ontario, California to overhead Floyd Bennett Field, New York, 781.7 mph [8][9]1961May 242 hr 47 min 18 secWest to EastLieutenant Richard F. Gordon, Jr., U.S. NavyMcDonnell F4HOntario, California to overhead Floyd Bennett Field, New York; three aerial refuellings from A3Ds1962March 52 hr 1 min 39 secWest to EastRobert G. SowersConvair B-58overhead Los Angeles to overhead New York; one aerial refuelling1990March 61 hr 7 min 53.69 secWest to EastLt Col Ed Yeilding and Lt Col Joseph T. VidaSR-71A Blackbird61-7972
On delivery flight to the Smithsonian Institution, where the aircraft is now on display at the Smithsonian's Udvar-Hazy center, this SR-71 set the current transcontinental record. Yeilding and Vida crossed the west coast near Ventura, CA and, 2,404.5 miles later, crossed the east coast near Salisbury, MD averaging 2,124.51 mph [10]2003February 52 hr 56 min 20 secWest to EastSteve Fossett, Douglas TravisCessna Citation XSan Diego to Charleston SC, 2150 great-circle miles; fastest transcon flight by a subsonic aircraft2003February 63 hr 51 min 52 secWest to EastSteve Fossett, Joseph RitchiePiaggio AvantiSan Diego to Charleston SC; fastest transcon flight by a turboprop2003November 53 hr 55 min 12 secEast to WestMike Bannister and Les BroadieConcorde G-BOAGFlying to museum at retirement of the aircraft, New York to SeattleRegistro de velocidade do ar transcontinental júnior
Para o recorde júnior, apenas o tempo de voo é contado a uma certa velocidade
YearDateTimePilotAircraftReference1928Richard James (aviator)Travel AirPrevious "record" of 48 hours, set last year by 18-year-old Richard James, was spread over a month elapsed time.[11]1930October 4, 1930East to West in 23 hours, 47 minutesRobert Nietzel BuckPitcairn PA-6 MailwingOn October 4, 1930 Robert beat the junior transcontinental air speed record of Eddie August Schneider in his PA-6 Pitcairn Mailwing he named "Yankee Clipper". His time was 23 hours, 47 minutes of elapsed flying time. Robert said on February 6, 2005: "I was the youngest to fly coast to coast and that record still stands. I had my license at 16 and after that, they raised the minimum age to 17. With that change, no one could break my record."1930August 18, 1930East to West in 29 hours, 55 minutesEddie August SchneiderCessnaLeaving from Westfield, New Jersey on August 14, 1930 to Los Angeles, California in 4 days with a combined flying time of 29 hours and 55 minutes. He lowered the East to West record by 4 hours and 22 minutes. He then made the return trip from Los Angeles to Roosevelt Field, New York in 27 hours, 19 minutes, lowering the West to East record by 1 hour and 36 minutes. His total elapsed time for the round trip was 57 hours, 14 minutes.1930East to West in 32 hours ? minutesFrank GoldsboroughCombined East to West and West to East in 62 hours and 58 minutes.Registro de velocidade do ar transcontinental feminino
Para o recorde feminino, apenas o tempo de voo é contado
YearPilotTime1930Ruth Nichols13 hours, 21 minutes1933Amelia Earhart13 hours, 7 minutes, 30 seconds1934Laura Ingalls10 hours, 5 minutes